A hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar (glucose) levels over the past 3-4 months. It does this by assessing the percentage of hemoglobin (the protein in red blood cells(RBC) that carries oxygen) that is coated with sugar. Sugar binds irreversibly to hemoglobin. This means that once attached it can't come off. Since a RBC lives for approximately 4 months, it is measuring your long term sugar control. The higher the HbA1c level, the higher your average blood glucose levels have been. This test is commonly used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes, as well as to monitor how well diabetes is being managed over time.
Key Points About HbA1c:
- Normal Range: Typically less than 5.7%.
- Pre-diabetes: 5.7% to 6.3%.
- Diabetes: 6.4% or higher.
Do You Need to Fast Before the Test?
No, you do not need to fast before having your HbA1c level tested. Unlike some other blood glucose tests (such as fasting blood glucose), the HbA1c test reflects long-term blood sugar levels and is not affected by recent meals. You can eat and drink normally before the test.
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